Saturday, August 27, 2016

SDR Comparison

SDR Comparison

Name TypeFrequency rangeBand withChannelHost InterfaceWindowsLinuxMacEstimated price
AirSpy
Pre-build
24-1750 MHz
20 MSPS MSps ADC sampling, up to 80 MSPS 
1
USB
Yes
Yes
Yes using ports
US$199
SDRstick UDPSDR-HF1
Pre-built
0.1–30 MHz
80 Msps
1
1G Ethernet via BeMicroCV-A9
Yes
Yes
Yes
US$169
Apache Labs ANAN-10E
Pre-built
10 kHz – 55 MHz
122.88 Msps (14 bit ADC)
2
Gigabit Ethernet
Yes
Yes
Yes
US$995
Apache Labs ANAN-10/100
Pre-built
10 kHz – 55 MHz
122.88 Msps (16 bit ADC)
4
Gigabit Ethernet
Yes
Yes
Yes
US$1,649-US$2,449
Apache Labs ANAN-100D/200D
Pre-built
10 kHz – 55 MHz
122.88 Msps (16 bit ADC)
7
Gigabit Ethernet
Yes
Yes
Yes
US$3,299-US$3,999
SunSDR2
Pre-built
10 kHz – 160 MHz
160 MSPS
3/4
10/100 Ethernet, WLAN (embedded)
Yes
Yes
 ?
US$1,960
bladeRF
Pre-built
300 MHz - 3.8 GHz
80 kSPS - 40 MSPS
RX/TX (12-bit ADC/DAC)
 ?
USB 3.0 SuperSpeed
Yes
Yes
Yes
US$420
FLEX-6700
Pre-built
0.01–73, 135-165 MHz
245.76 MSPS (transceiver)
8/8
Ethernet
Yes
Yes
Yes
US$7,499
FLEX-6700R
Pre-built
0.01–73, 135-165 MHz
245.76 MSPS (receiver)
8/8
Ethernet
Yes
Yes
Yes
US$6,399
FLEX-6500
Pre-built
0.01–73 MHz
245.76 MSPS (transceiver)
4/4
Ethernet
Yes
Yes
Yes
US$4,299
FLEX-6300
Pre-built
0.01–54 MHz
122.88 MSPS (transceiver)
2/2
Ethernet
Yes
Yes
Yes
US$2,499
FLEX-5000A
Pre-built
0.01–65 MHz
48, 96, 192 kHz (transceiver)
2/2
1394a Firewire
Yes
No
No
US$2,800
FLEX-3000
Pre-built
0.01–65 MHz
48, 96 kHz (transceiver)
1/1
1394a Firewire
Yes
No
No
US$1,700
FLEX-1500
Pre-built
0.01–54 MHz
48 kHz (transceiver)
1/1
USB
Yes
No
No
US$650
Perseus
Pre-built
10 kHz – 40 MHz (87.5–108 MHz using FM down-converter)
80 MSPS
 ?
USB
Yes
Yes
 ?
US$1,199
SDRplay: Radio Spectrum Processor
Pre-built
0.1–2,000 MHz
0.5-12 MS/s and up to 8 MHz bandwidth
0/1
USB
Yes
Yes
Yes
US$149
ISDB-T 2035/2037
Pre-built
50–960 MHz
0.5-12 MS/s and up to 8 MHz bandwidth
0/1
USB
Yes
Yes
Yes
US$25
Soft66AD / Soft66ADD / Soft66LC4 / Soft66RTL
Pre-built
0.5–70 MHz
External ADC required (I/Q output)
0/1
USB
Yes
Unofficially
 ?
US$20
FUNcube Dongle
Pre-built
64–1700 MHz
96 kHz
0/1
USB
Yes
Yes
Yes
US$160
FUNcube Dongle Pro+
Pre-built
0.15–240 MHz, 420-1900 MHz
192 kHz
0/1
USB
Yes
Yes
Yes
US$200
FiFi-SDR
Pre-built
200 kHz – 30 MHz
96 kHz (integrated soundcard)
0/1
USB
Yes
Yes
 ?
€120
SDR-IQ
PnP
0.1 kHz – 30 MHz
66.666 MHz
1/1 ?
USB
Yes
Yes
Yes
US$525
WinRadio WR-G31DCC
Pre-built
9 kHz – 50 MHz
100 MSPS
3/3
USB
Yes
No
No
US$950
USRP B200
Pre-built
70 MHz to 6 GHz
56 Msps
 ?
USB 3.0
Yes
Yes
Yes
US$675
USRP B210
Pre-built
70 MHz to 6 GHz
56 Msps
 ?
USB 3.0
Yes
Yes
Yes
US$1,100
USRP N200
Pre-built
DC to 6 GHz
25 Msps for 16-bit samples; 50 Msps for 8-bit samples
 ?
Gigabit Ethernet
Yes
Yes
Yes
US$1,515
USRP N210
Pre-built
DC to 6 GHz
25 Msps for 16-bit samples; 50 Msps for 8-bit samples
 ?
Gigabit Ethernet
Yes
Yes
Yes
US$1,717
USRP X300
Pre-built
DC to 6 GHz
200 Msps
 ?
Gigabit Ethernet, 10 Gigabit Ethernet, PCIe
Yes
Yes
Yes
US$3,900
USRP X310
Pre-built
DC to 6 GHz
200 Msps
 ?
Gigabit Ethernet, 10 Gigabit Ethernet, PCIe
Yes
Yes
Yes
US$4,800
Cross Country Wireless SDR receiver v. 3
Pre-built
472–479 kHz, 7.0–7.3 MHz/10.10–10.15 MHz, and 14.00–14.35 MHz
External ADC required (I/Q output)
1/1
Crystal controlled two channels
Yes
Yes
Yes
US$80
Realtek RTL2832U DVB-T tuner
Pre-built with custom driver
24–1766 MHz (R820T tuner) (sensitivity drops off considerably outside this range, but can go 0–2,200 MHz (E4000 tuner with direct sampling mod))
2.4 MHz (can go up to 3.2 MHz but drops samples)
 ?
USB
Yes
Yes
Yes
US$8 - US$10
SoftRock-40
Kit
7.5 MHz
48 kHz
1
USB
Yes
Yes
Yes
US$21
SoftRock RX Ensemble II
Kit
180 kHz – 3.0 MHz, and 1.8–30 MHz operation
External ADC required (I/Q output)
1
USB
Yes
Yes
Yes
US$67
ZS-1
Pre-built
300 kHz – 30 MHz
10 kHz, 20 kHz, 40 kHz, 100 kHz
3
USB 2.0
Yes
No
No
€1,399
HackRF One
Pre-built
1 MHz - 6 GHz
8 Msps - 20 Msps
1
USB 2.0
Yes
Yes
Yes
US$299
HiQSDR
prebuilt modules & kits, pcbs
30 kHz - 62 MHz
48 - 960 kHz
 ?
10/100 Ethernet
Yes
Yes
No
US$650
US$1,400
KiwiSDR
Pre-built
0.1 - 30Mhz
30Mhz
4
Beagle black
yes
yes
yes
 USD 99
LimeSDR
Pre-built (full Open Source / Hardware)
100 kHz to 3.8 GHz
61.44 Msps (12 bit ADC)
 ?
USB 3.0, PCIe
Yes
Yes
Yes
US$299(USB) US$799(PCIe)

Wednesday, August 24, 2016

How do you build a 1U Cube-Sat Linear transponder using SDR / DSP technology with limited Power?

How do you build a 1U Cube-Sat Linear transponder using SDR / DSP technology with limited Power?



Requirements:

Satellite requirements.
  1. Linear Transponder 70cm (437Mhz) up-link and S band (2.4GHz or 1.2Ghz down) Down-link (Bandwidth ? 250Khz on 70cm ?)
  2. Satellite Low Earth orbit (LEO) altitude between 650 kilometers. We need this so we can calculate path loss and RF power and antenna gain requirements.
  3. Available Power 1.5W for transponder from Solar panels and battery system.
  4. Telemetry mode? CW / AX25 / AFSK 9k6 /....  
    1. UHF Beacon recomendation.
      • UHF Beacon interval:  about 55 seconds
      • UHF Transmit power: ~ 1 W
      • AFSK AX25 1k2 and fallback of CW 10WP 
  5. Satellite antennas for 70cm ? and (Polarization ?) 
  6. Satellite antennas for 2.4Ghz / 1.2Ghz and (Polarization ?) 
  7. Telemetry Requirements ? (ID, Temperature, Power in, Power out, Battery left, Transponder Mode status, Antenna Status, Satellite Orientation, ........)
  8. Inter board Connector Specification (PC/104 communication)
  9. OBC, SOLAR,charger,Orientation and Battery from existing Satellite ?
  10. 1 U Cube-Sat Space frame from existing Satellite (10x10x10) 1kg
  11. DSP 10 to 14Bit A/D /D/A Dynamic range. what is good enough ?
  12. PCB Board size details PC104 with cutouts for wire.
  13. Space frame and Solar panel frame and Antenna deployment. (out of scope)
  14. Solar panels. (Out of Scope)
  15. Power regulator and Charge regulator and Battery. (out of Scope)
  16. Orientation controls. (out of scope) (Stabilization)
  17. RF Linear Transponder using SDR / DSP. (70cm up 2.4Ghz or 1.2Ghz down)
  18. OBC (In scope ARM M4 or possibly A9) (FreeRTOS)
  19. Inter board communication standard.

Out of Scope for now:


  1. Space frame, Solar panels and panels frame.
  2. Solar panels
  3. Power regulator and Charge regulator and Battery.
  4. Orientation controls.
In scope for now:

  1. Linear Transponder using SDR / DSP. (ARM Processor possibly not FPLG due to power constraint.)
  2. Telemetry TX
  3. Command control RX

Block diagram.


Transponder SDR transmitter. (Down-link 145.9?? MHz USB) (not confirmed) (250Khz)


Telemetry transmitter

  • Estimated TX full power for beacon and transponder (300 mW) when Sat is in sunlight.
  • When satellite is in eclipse low power of about (30mW)

Transponder SDR receiver. (Up-link 435.??? MHz LSB ) (not confirmed) (250Khz)


  • Estimated maximum TX up-link power of 5 watts with a 7 dBi gain antenna. 

Beacon / Telemetry

Here are several DDS signal generators I'm looking at:

  1. AD9833  0 - 12.5 Mhz 
  2. AD9850  0 - 50 Mhz
  3. AD9851  0 - 70 Mhz 
  4. Si5351    0 - 150 Mhz
  5. Si5351A 0 - 290 Mhz
  6. AD9959  0 - 500Mhz
  7. AD9952  0 - 500Mhz Practical max 160Mhz depending on patern
Ref : Examples code for the STM32f4  and AD9850  https://zissisprojects.wordpress.com/2015/01/24/stm32-f4-discovery-and-ad9850-dds/

1.2Ghz band plan for Downlink





TX

  1. https://github.com/F5OEO/rpitx
  2. http://ebrombaugh.studionebula.com/radio/txdac/index.html
  3. https://www.etherkit.com/rf-modules/si5351a-breakout-board.html
  4. http://www.simplecircuits.com/files/Download/QEX_release.pdf
  5. http://www.amrad.org/projects/sdr/
  6. https://myriadrf.org/projects/rdk/
  7. http://www.eevblog.com/forum/projects/the-sdr32-a-stm32-based-software-defined-radio/
  8. http://www.stm32-sdr.com/styled/index.html  (PSK)
  9. https://wiki.analog.com/resources/eval/user-guides/ad-fmcomms2-ebz/software/baremetal?rev=1395324588#code_size_information ( AD9361 NON OS Drive)
  10. https://github.com/GomSpace/libcsp (Cubesat Space Protoco)
  11. https://github.com/robots/APRS  (STM32 APRS code)
  12. https://michaldemin.wordpress.com/2012/02/27/cheap-afsk-tnc/  (AFSK stm3  2)
  13. https://github.com/athirasubhash/AX25MODEM (AX25 for STM32)
  14. www.analog.com/en/education/education-library/videos/3845680080001.html (Video Analog devices)
  15. https://datasheets.maximintegrated.com/en/ds/MAX2837.pdf  (IQ front end Maxim)
  16. https://www.maximintegrated.com/en/products/analog/data-converters/analog-front-end-ics/MAX5863.html (A/D and D/A MAXIM)
  17. https://github.com/mossmann/hackrf/blob/master/firmware/common/max2837.c (max2837 c Library)
  18. http://www.g4jnt.com/DDSVHFBeaconDriver.pdf  (DDS beacon generation)

Possible def tools.

  1. GNU radio
  2. Math lab
  3. ARM DEV board tools. (How to setup Eclipse for Arm development)
  4. Real time OS https://istarc.wordpress.com/2014/08/04/stm32f4-behold-the-project-wizard/
  5. Installing FreeRTOS on STM32F4 https://istarc.wordpress.com/2014/07/10/stm32f4-deploy-freertos-in-under-10-seconds/
Ref :